Series Editor’s Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction: Everybody Welcome to France Part I. Approaching French Secularism 1 (French) Secularism Secularization, the Secular, and Secularism Secularism(s) Critique  Incongruities  Contradictions  A Western Gaze? Previous Research on the Islamic Veil Affairs and Secularism Analyzing Secularism  A Critical Approach to Secularism  Secularism as Governmentality  Secularism as Discourse 2 A Shield Against Alterity The Islamic Veil Affairs  1989  2003–2004  2007–2011 State Feminism and the Other-Woman Alterity and Communitarianism Nation, Assimilation Part II. The First Islamic Veil Affair 3 Ideological Battle Flags A New and Unwanted Situation Post-Christian Islamic Challenges A Question of Integration? Manipulation Islamic Communitarianism A Glocalized World Particular Versus National Law Discrimination and Violence Over T/here Attacking Secularism Behind the Veil What Does It Represent? Why Do They Wear It? Conclusion 4 Inventing Secularism An Unruly March Towards Unity  From Clash to Atonement  Exceptionality The Cornerstone of the Republic  (Forced) Liberty  Equality and Neutrality  Brotherhood, Integration and French Communitarianism Legislation, Education  Consensus  Urgency  Legislative Pedagogy  An Anti-Islamic Law? Conclusion Part III. The Second Islamic Veil Affair 5 The Tip of the Iceberg New Times, Old Threats  The Return of Religion  Over T/here  Stigmatization? Walking Coffins  A Religious and/or Political Symbol  An Attack on the Republic’s Principles and the Dignity of Women  Voluntary Submission Conclusion 6 (Re)Inventing Secularism The History of a Christian Civilization  A Christian Nation  Historical Emancipation The Motor of Limited Tolerance  Respecting a Value, Respecting a Principle  Diversity, Positive Secularism and Tolerance  Faith, Hope, and Unity Legislate, Educate! Reaffirmation  Legitimacy  Securing Public Order Conclusion Part IV. Consequences 7 Social Contracts, National Borders and Illiberal Governmentality National Frontiers and Social Contracts Discursive Displacement and Liberal Faith Post-Political Expansion Romantic Ideals and Secularist Retaliation Bibliography Index

Studies in Critical Research on Religion provides a venue for scholars engaged in critical research on religion. This includes studies contributing to our understanding of how religious institutions and thought may simultaneously serve as a source of domination and progressive social change. We seek to analyze the historical and economic conditions giving rise to religious systems while recognizing that religious ideas can be motivational and therefore dialectically related to material conditions. We are interested in the role that religion plays within social and political conflicts. A critical perspective recognizes that its own intellectual heritage lies within the confluence of various religious, political, and philosophical traditions. It does not reject this heritage but critically self-reflects on its relationship to it. This peer-reviewed book series invites proposals for and submissions of monographs and edited volumes from scholars across all academic disciplines. Works can use a wide range of methodologies, including quantitative, qualitative, and historical. While encouraging works to be theoretical driven by a critical perspective, it is also interested in empirical research which is theoretically guided.