The book takes the form of an extended interview with one of the eleven international judges who took part in the Tokyo Trial, the eminent Dutch jurist and professor of law, B. V. A. Roling. Antonio Cassese conducted a series of interviews with Professor Roling concerning the aims, conduct and consequences of the Tokyo Trial, and concerning the role of aggression and the prospects for peace in the modern world. The resulting book provides a unique, insider's view of one of the most important trials in history. It is also a brilliant reflection on the idea of individual responsibility for crimes of state, on the difference between Japanese and Western attitudes to guilt and crimes against humanity, and on the nature and limits of international law in controlling the use of force.