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William Edward Burghardt (W. E. B.) Du Bois (1868–1963) was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. A scholar, activist, and author, Du Bois was not only the first African American to earn a PhD from Harvard University but was also the most celebrated advocate of African American rights in the early twentieth century. He cofounded the NAACP in 1909, and founded the organization’s magazine, The Crisis, which is now the oldest Black publication in the world. In addition to his work as a professor of history, sociology, and economics at Atlanta University, Du Bois worked his entire life to promote civil rights, Pan-Africanism, women’s rights, and nuclear disarmament. A prolific writer, Du Bois penned many works, including Black Reconstruction in America, The Philadelphia Negro, and the seminal sociological work, The Souls of Black Folk. Du Bois died in Accra, Ghana, at the age of ninety-five—just a day before Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic “I Have a Dream” speech at the March on Washington.First published in 1903, this groundbreaking work is a cornerstone of African American literary history and a foundational text in the field of sociology. In these fourteen essays, W. E. B. Du Bois introduces and explores the concept of “double-consciousness”—a term he uses to describe the experience of living as an African American and having a “sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others.”
Though an examination of Black life in post–Civil War America, The Souls of Black Folk has had a lasting impact on civil rights and the discussion of race in the United States.
Revised edition: Previously published as The Souls of Black Folk, this edition of The Souls of Black Folk (AmazonClassics Edition) includes editorial revisions.