Critically investigating Mahatma Gandhi's claim that his anti-colonial nationalism can remain untainted by violence, this study addresses important and timely questions that are central to the study of nationalism, and more broadly, to other forms of collective identity formation as well. Does the possibility exist for a nationalism that is not rooted in violence, either physical or conceptual/epistemic? Can adherents to a philosophy of nonviolence indeed forge national identities without conjuring up troubling dichotomies that pit "superior" insiders against "inferior" outsiders? The examination of these critical questions through the lens of Mahatma Gandhi's construction of an Indian "nonviolent nationalism" allows a test of an extreme case, since Gandhi is generally seen as the prime example of a nonviolent political thinker and activist.