Acknowledgements List of Illustrations Introduction - Emily Colbert Cairns and Nieves Romero-Díaz Defining Maternity 1. Debra Blumenthal, “‘Services for which I expect to be compensated:’ Mothering as a Salaried Labor of Love in the Late Medieval Crown of Aragon” 2. Grace E. Coolidge, “Noble Maternity in Castile, 1400–1650” 3. Mercedes Llorente, “Maternity in the Portraits of Spanish Habsburg Queens: Mariana of Habsburg” 4. Rocío Quispe-Agnoli, “The Stains of the Mother: Indian Mothers and Mestizo Children in Early Colonial Peru” Becoming Pregnant and Giving Birth 5. Carolina Alarcón, “‘Urinating on Lettuce and Throwing Your Hands Up:’ Infertility in Early Modern Spain” 6. Vanda Anastácio, “Motherhood and Gender: When the Queen has only Daughters. The Case of Victoria de Bourbon (1718–81)” 7. Emily Kuffner, “‘Para retener la criatura:’ Miscarriage in Early Modern Spain” 8. Montserrat Pérez Toribio, “Maternal Bodies and Fertile Letters: The Politics of Motherhood Networking in Estefania de Requesens’ Correspondence” Daily Living Motherhood 9. Catherine Hall-van den Elsen, “Motherhood and the Early Modern Woman Artist” 10. Yolopattli Hernández Torres, “Casa de Niños Expósitos: The Substitute Mother in Colonial Mexico” 11. Mariela Fargas Peñarrocha, “Cruel or Prudent Mothers? Troubled Relationships, Disobedient Daughters, and Social Risk (Eighteenth-century Barcelona)” Afterwords - Emilie Bergmann Index List of Contributors