The question of whether and under what circumstances terminally ill patients should be able to access life-ending medications with the aid of a physician is receiving increasing attention as a matter of public opinion and of public policy. Ethicists, clinicians, patients, and their families debate whether physician-assisted death ought to be a legal option for patients. While public opinion is divided and public policy debates include moral, ethical, and policy considerations, a demand for physician-assisted death persists among some patients, and the inconsistent legal terrain leaves a number of questions and challenges for health care providers to navigate when presented with patients considering or requesting physician-assisted death. To discuss what is known and not known empirically about the practice of physician-assisted death, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 2-day workshop in Washington, DC, on February 12-13, 2018. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Conceptual, Legal, and Ethical Considerations in Physician-Assisted Death3 Experiences with and Reflections on Physician-Assisted Death in the United States4 Experiences with and Reflections on Physician-Assisted Death Internationally5 Implementation and Practice of Physician-Assisted Death6 Physician-Assisted Death in the Context of Long-Term Services and Supports, Palliative Care, and Hospice7 Reflections on the Workshop and Evidentiary GapsAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and Planning Committee Members