Offers a comprehensive 'who's who' guide to medieval philosophers. This title contains a mix of essays providing historical context followed by 140 alphabetically arranged entries on individual thinkers. It spans the history of medieval philosophy from the fourth century AD to the fifteenth century.

List of Contributors xii Preface xv Chronological List xviii Philosophy in the Middle Ages: An Introduction 1Jorge J. E. Gracia PART I: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT 1 The Ancient Philosophical Legacy and its Transmission to the Middle Ages 15Charles H. Lohr 2 The Patristic Background 23Stephen F. Brown 3 Philosophy in the Latin Christian West: 750–1050 32Peter King 4 The School of Chartres 36Winthrop Wetherbee 5 Religious Orders 45M. Michèle Mulchahey and Timothy B. Noone 6 Scholasticism 55Timothy B. Noone 7 The Parisian Condemnations of 1270 and 1277 65John F. Wippel PART II: THE AUTHORS 1 Adam of Wodeham 77Rega Wood 2 Adelard of Bath 86Jeremiah Hackett 3 Alan of Lille 88John Marenbon 4 Albert of Saxony 90Edward Grant 5 Albertus Magnus 92Mechthild Dreyer 6 Albumasar (Abu Ma’shar) 102Jeremiah Hackett 7 Alexander of Hales 104Christopher M. Cullen 8 Alfarabi (Al-Farabý) 109Deborah L. Black 9 Algazali (Al-Ghazalý) 118Thérèse-Anne Druart 10 Alhacen (Al-Hasan) 127David C. Lindberg 11 Alkindi (Al-Kindi) 129Jean Jolivet 12 Alrazi (Al-Razý) 136Thérèse-Anne Druart 13 Anselm of Canterbury 138Jasper Hopkins 14 Arnaldus of Villanova 152Francisco Bertelloni 15 Augustine 154Scott MacDonald 16 Avempace (Ibn Bájjah) 172Idris Samawi Hamid 17 Avencebrol (Ibn Gabirol) 174Tamar Rudavsky 18 Averroes (Ibn Rushd) 182Richard C. Taylor 19 Avicenna (Ibn Sýna) 196David B. Burrell 20 Bernard of Clairvaux 209Brian Patrick McGuire 21 Berthold of Moosburg 215Bruce Milem 22 Boethius 217John Magee 23 Boethius of Dacia 227B. Carlos Bazán 24 Bonaventure 233Andreas Speer 25 Dante Alighieri 241Timothy B. Noone 26 Denys the Carthusian 243Kent Emery, Jr. 27 Dietrich of Freiberg 245Roland J. Teske 28 Dominicus Gundissalinus 247R. E. Houser 29 Durand of St. Pourçain 249Russell L. Friedman 30 Francis of Marchia 254Russell L. Friedman 31 Francis of Meyronnes 256Roberto Lambertini 32 Gabriel Biel 258Russell L. Friedman 33 Gaetano of Thiene 260Stephen E. Lahey 34 Gersonides 262Sarah Pessin 35 Gilbert of Poitiers 264John Marenbon 36 Giles of Rome 266Silvia Donati 37 Godfrey of Fontaines 272John F. Wippel 38 Gonsalvo of Spain 281A. G. Traver 39 Gregory of Rimini 283Jack Zupko 40 Guido Terrena 291Francisco Bertelloni 41 Hasdai Crescas 293Tamar Rudavsky 42 Henry of Ghent 296R. Wielockx 43 Henry of Harclay 305Mark G. Henninger 44 Hervaeus Natalis 314Roland J. Teske 45 Heymeric of Camp 316Peter J. Casarella 46 Hildegard of Bingen 318Bruce Milem 47 Hugh of St. Victor 320Michael Gorman 48 Isaac Israeli 326Sarah Pessin 49 Isidore of Seville 328Sandro D’Onofrio 50 James of Metz 330Russell L. Friedman 51 James of Viterbo 332Mark D. Gossiaux 52 Jean de la Rochelle 334Gérard Sondag 53 Jerome of Prague 336Jonathan J. Sanford 54 John Baconthorpe 338Richard Cross 55 John Buridan 340Gyula Klima 56 John Capreolus 349Kevin White 57 John Dumbleton 351Edith Dudley Sylla 58 John Duns Scotus 353Stephen D. Dumont 59 John Gerson 370James B. South 60 John of Jandun 372James B. South 61 John of Mirecourt 377Mauricio Beuchot 62 John of Paris 382Russell L. Friedman 63 John Pecham 384Girard J. Etzkorn 64 John Philoponus 388James B. South 65 John of Reading 390Kimberly Georgedes 66 John of Salisbury 392C. H. Kneepkens 67 John Scotus Eriugena 397Carlos Steel and D. W. Hadley 68 John Wyclif 407John D. Kronen 69 Landulph Caracciolo 409Christopher Schabel 70 Marsilius of Inghen 411Maarten J. F. M. Hoenen 71 Marsilius of Padua 413Francisco Bertelloni 72 Martin of Dacia 421José Luis Rivera 73 Matthew of Aquasparta 423R. E. Houser 74 Maximus Confessor 432Eric D. Perl 75 Meister Eckhart 434Jan A. Aertsen 76 Michael of Massa 443Christopher Schabel 77 Moses Maimonides 445Alfred L. Ivry 78 Nicholas of Autrecourt 458Mauricio Beuchot 79 Nicholas of Cusa 466Louis Dupré and Nancy Hudson 80 Nicole Oresme 475Edward Grant 81 Paul of Pergula 481Stephen E. Lahey 82 Paul of Venice 483Alan Perreiah 83 Peter Abelard 485John Marenbon 84 Peter Auriol 494Lauge Olaf Nielsen 85 Peter of Auvergne 504Robert Andrews 86 Peter of Candia 506Christopher Schabel 87 Peter Ceffons 508Christopher Schabel 88 Peter Damian 510Jonathan J. Sanford 89 Peter Helias 512C. H. Kneepkens 90 Peter Lombard 514Philipp W. Rosemann 91 Peter Olivi 516François-Xavier Putallaz 92 Peter de Rivo 524Christopher Schabel 93 Peter of Spain 526Gyula Klima 94 Peter the Venerable 532Jonathan J. Sanford 95 Philip the Chancellor 534R. E. Houser 96 Pierre d’Ailly 536Richard A. Lee, Jr. 97 Pierre de Maricourt 538José Luis Rivera 98 Pseudo-Dionysius 540Eric D. Perl 99 Radulphus Brito 550Gordon A. Wilson 100 Ralph Strode 552Kimberly Georgedes 101 Ramon Lull 553Charles H. Lohr 102 Richard Brinkley 559Kimberly Georgedes 103 Richard of Campsall 561Kimberly Georgedes 104 Richard Fishacre 563R. James Long 105 Richard Fitzralph 569Kimberly Georgedes 106 Richard Kilvington 571Edith Dudley Sylla 107 Richard of Middleton 573Richard Cross 108 Richard Rufus of Cornwall 579Rega Wood 109 Richard of St. Victor 588Kent Emery, Jr. 110 Richard Swineshead 595Edith Dudley Sylla 111 Robert Grosseteste 597Neil Lewis 112 Robert of Halifax 607Kimberly Georgedes 113 Robert Holcot 609Kimberly Georgedes 114 Robert Kilwardby 611A. Broadie 115 Roger Bacon 616Jeremiah Hackett 116 Roger Marston 626Gordon A. Wilson 117 Saadiah 630Sarah Pessin 118 Siger of Brabant 632B. Carlos Bazán 119 Simon of Faversham 641John Longeway 120 Thomas Aquinas 643Brian Davies 121 Thomas Bradwardine 660Stephen E. Lahey 122 Thomas of Erfurt 662Mauricio Beuchot 123 Thomas of Sutton 664Gyula Klima 124 Thomas Wilton 666Cecilia Trifogli 125 Ulrich of Strassburg 668Kent Emery, Jr. 126 Vital du Four 670A. G. Traver 127 Walter Burley 672M. C. Sommers 128 Walter Chatton 674Girard J. Etzkorn 129 William of Alnwick 676Stephen D. Dumont 130 William Arnaud 678Stephen E. Lahey 131 William of Auvergne 680Roland J. Teske 132 William of Auxerre 688Jack Zupko 133 William of Champeaux 690John Marenbon 134 William Crathorn 692Robert Pasnau 135 William Heytesbury 694John Longeway 136 William of Ockham 696Timothy B. Noone 137 William of Sherwood 713John Longeway 138 William of Ware 718Richard Cross Select Topical Bibliography 720 Index of Names 725 Index of Subjects 731

This comprehensive reference volume features essays by some of the most distinguished scholars in the field. The volume is organized into two sections. In the first, essays cover the historical context within which philosophy in the Middle Ages developed. Topics include the ancient philosophical legacy, the patristic background, the School of Chartres, religious orders, scholasticism, and the condemnation of various views in Paris in the thirteenth century. Within these clear, jargon-free expositions, the authors make the latest scholarship available while also presenting their own distinctive perspectives. The second section is composed of alphabetically arranged entries on 138 philosophically significant authors – European, Jewish, and Arabic – living between the fourth and fifteenth centuries. These essays contain biographical information, summaries of significant philosophical arguments and viewpoints, and conclude with bibliographies of both primary and secondary sources. A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages is extensively cross-referenced and indexed, constituting a complete source of information for students and professionals alike.

"Having these key figures present in one volume is sorely needed in the field, and this book provides...a one-volume reference work to fill the gap. As part of the Blackwell Companions to Philosophy series, I highly recommend this work." Reference Reviews "A very useful tool indeed both for specialists and amateurs! It brings together a remarkable bunch among the best scholars in the field from all over the world. The information is rich, precise, and up-to-date; yet the arrangement of the material is simple and handy." Claude Panaccio, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières "An unparalleled source of information on the lives and thought of no fewer than 138 medieval Christian, Islamic, and Jewish philosophers. There are substantial essays here on the well-known heavyweights, such as Augustine, Averroes, Aquinas, Maimonides, and Ockham, but also useful accounts of the somewhat less well known, and the essential minimum on the various shadowy figures of the period, such as Berthold of Moosburg and William of Ware. This book is a ‘must-have’ for any serious student of medieval philosophy or theology." Gareth B. Matthews, University of Massachusetts, Amherst "This volume is a welcome addition to the currently available reference works on medieval philosophy. Its well-written historical articles and its concise and helpful entries on almost 140 medieval philosophers makes this book an indispensable scholarly tool for specialists and non-specialists alike." Eleonore Stump, St. Louis University "This is an impressive collection of work on a perennially underappreciated period of philosophical thought, and I will certainly be recommending it both to my students and to colleagues as a valuable resource in gaining familiarity with medieval thought, within and without the Latin West." - Christina Van Dyke, Calvin College

List of Contributors. Preface. Chronological List of Philosophers. Philosophy in the Middle Ages: An Introduction: Jorge J. E. Gracia (State University of New York at Buffalo). Part I: The Historical Context. Part II: The Authors. Select Topical Bibliography. Index of Names. Index of Subjects.