Documentation, analysis, and explanation of culture change have long been goals of archaeology. Scientific graphs facilitate the visual thinking that allow archaeologists to determine the relationship between variables, and, if well designed, comprehend the processes implied by the relationship. Different graph types suggest different ontologies and theories of change, and particular techniques of parsing temporally continuous morphological variation of artefacts into types influence graph form.
North American archaeologists have grappled with finding a graph that effectively and efficiently displays culture change over time. Line graphs, bar graphs, and numerous one-off graph types were used between 1910 and 1950, after which spindle graphs displaying temporal frequency distributions of specimens within each of multiple artefact types emerged as the most readily deciphered diagram.
The variety of graph types used over the twentieth century indicate archaeologists often mixed elements of both Darwinian variational evolutionary change and Midas-touch like transformational change. Today, there is minimal discussion of graph theory or graph grammar in introductory archaeology textbooks or advanced texts, and elements of the two theories of evolution are still mixed. Culture has changed, and archaeology provides unique access to the totality of humankind's cultural past. It is therefore crucial that graph theory, construction, and decipherment are revived in archaeological discussion.
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North American archaeologists have grappled with finding a graph that effectively and efficiently displays culture change over time. This volume explores the history of graphing culture change, and brings graph theory, construction, and decipherment to the forefront of archaeological discussion.
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Introduction
1: Culture Chronology And Change
2: An Evaluative Framework
3: Materials and Methods
4: Early History of Archaeology Graphs
5: Paleontological, Palynological, Biological, and Physical Anthropology Graphs
6: Archaeology Spindle Graphs in the 1930s
7: Shopping Around and One-Off Graphs
8: The Fourth (and Influential) Introduction of Spindle Graphs
9: Observations on Graphing Prehistory
10: Final Thoughts
Appendix 1. Archaeology Literature
Appendix 2. Paleontology Literature
Appendix 3. Anthropology Textbooks
Appendix 4. Introductory Archaeology Textbooks
Appendix 5. European Archaeology Literature
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Reveals why one or two graph types have become predominant in illustrating culture change
Includes examples of numerous graph types which both novices and experienced researchers may choose to imitate
Analysis of graph type reveals otherwise implicit conceptions of change and typologies
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R. Lee Lyman is Emeritus Professor of anthropology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He studies the late Quaternary paleomammology and human prehistory of the Pacific Northwest United States, and the history of North American archaeology and paleozoology. He is the author of Quantitative Paleozoology (2008) and Theodore E. White and the Development of Zooarchaeology in North America (2016), co-author of Paleozoology and
Paleoenvironments (2019), and co-editor of Conservation Biology and Applied Zooarchaeology (2012).
Les mer
Reveals why one or two graph types have become predominant in illustrating culture change
Includes examples of numerous graph types which both novices and experienced researchers may choose to imitate
Analysis of graph type reveals otherwise implicit conceptions of change and typologies
Les mer
Produktdetaljer
ISBN
9780198871156
Publisert
2021
Utgiver
Vendor
Oxford University Press
Vekt
794 gr
Høyde
242 mm
Bredde
162 mm
Dybde
24 mm
Aldersnivå
P, 06
Språk
Product language
Engelsk
Format
Product format
Innbundet
Antall sider
400
Forfatter