Environmental applications are a key focus, with chapters dedicated to the use of cellulose and fibrous materials in wastewater treatment, including their potential for remediating petrochemical pollutants. The extraction and modification of biomass-derived nanofibers for environmental cleanup are also discussed. The book further examines biochar production from natural fibres, the generation of biohydrogen from lignocellulosic biomass, and the applications of cellulose-degrading enzymes in industries like textiles, positioning natural fibrous materials as versatile and crucial components for sustainable energy and environmental solutions.