This book includes a collection of 17 chapters written by esteemed experts in the respective fields of advanced lung diseases, pulmonary hypertension and lung transplantation, organized into four main sections: Part 1: Advanced Lung Disease with Pulmonary Hypertension – This section covers Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension and the major pulmonary diseases related to Group 3 pulmonary hypertension; Part 2: Vascular Disease with Pulmonary Hypertension – This section focuses on pulmonary vascular disease and porto-pulmonary hypertension in Group 2, along with current guidelines; Part 3: General Principles of Lung Transplantation – This section discusses the epidemiology, selection criteria, and current advances in lung transplantation; and Part 4: Lung Transplantation: Surgical and Procedural Techniques – This section details specific surgical techniques, complications such as severe pulmonary hypertension, infections, acute cellular rejection, chronic lung allograft dysfunction, and patient management before, during, and after lung transplantation. Special recognition goes to the authors of each chapter for their dedication and effort in creating an innovative and comprehensive resource on end-stage cardiopulmonary diseases. A heartfelt acknowledgment also goes to Mrs. Pisana Ferrari and her collaborators, who have poignantly highlighted the significance of lung transplantation from both patient and researcher perspectives, working in alignment with international guidelines.