In 2011, the diplomatic and expert consensus was that Bashar al-Asads regime would fail, causing Syria to disintegrate into several ethnic enclaves or mini-states. A decade later and Bashar is still in control, having defeated the rebels and gained the support of Russia. The years of internal warfare have brought about changes in the spectrum of parties involved in the Syrian state, and the final outcome is inevitably going to be shaped by geo-politics. The Alawi minority still in large measure controls the Sunni-Muslim (Arab) majority. The other players are a gallery of ever changing allegiances: ISIS, Jabhat al-Nusra, and many other radical Islamic groups; the Muslim Kurdish and Christian Arab communities; as well as Shii Lebanese Hizballah. External horizon players are Iran; Sunni Turkey and Saudi Arabia; Jewish Israel; the United States and Russia. This study aims to analyze the agendas, actions, and interrelations of these various actors from 2011 until the present. It will discuss their ongoing politics and assess forthcoming developments. Both Iran and Russia continue to support Bashar, but compete for political, military, and economic influence. The US has greatly reduced involvement, keeping only 900 troops in northeastern Syria, to protect its Kurdish allies and fight against ISIS. Turkey still occupies parts of northern Syria, with the aim of eliminating the Kurdish forces. Syrian and Russian military attempts to conquer this area continue sporadically. The Israeli air force has attacked Iranian and Hizballah positions with the tacit approval of Russia. However, Russias war on Ukraine in February 2022 may result in restricting Israeli interdictions and instead enhance cooperation with Tehran in order to counter the US and NATO. Both Russia and Iran have been incapable of reconstructing the massively destroyed Syrian infrastructure; the US and Europe are reluctant to contribute due to Bashars continued Alawi minority-based autocratic and corrupt rule.
Read more
Both Iran and Russia continue to support Bashar, but compete for political, military, and economic influence. The Israeli air force has attacked Iranian and Hizballah positions with the tacit approval of Russia.
Read more
Analyzes the agendas, actions, and interrelations of Iran, Sunni Turkey and Saudi Arabia, Jewish Israel, the US, and Russia from 2011-present.

Product details

ISBN
9781789761993
Published
2023-01-01
Publisher
Liverpool University Press; Liverpool University Press
Height
229 mm
Width
152 mm
Age
00, G, 01
Language
Product language
Engelsk
Format
Product format
Heftet
Number of pages
176

Author

Biographical note

Moshe Maoz, Prof. Emeritus, Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, has been a Visiting Fellow at many universities and research centres, including Harvard, Oxford, Columbia, NYU, and Beijing. He is the author of 20 books and 80 academic articles on the history and politics of Islam, Muslim-Jewish and Arab-Israeli relations. He served as advisor to Israeli PMs and Defense Ministers, and to the IDF Coordinator in the Territories, at the rank of Full Colonel.