Notes on Contributors xv  Preface xxiii  1 Research Methods 1Julian A. Rubel and Wolfgang Lutz  Introduction 1  Research on the Frequency, Cause, and Prevention of Psychological Problems, and Disorders 1  Evaluating Clinical Interventions and Treatments 3  Summary 12  2 Classification Systems across the Globe 15Jan Christopher Cwik and Jürgen Margraf  Introduction 15  Classification Systems in Western Cultures 16  The International Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death (ICD) 17  Classification Systems in Non-Western Cultures 19  Specific Classification Systems 22  3 Clinical Interviewing with Adults 29Christopher C. Conway, Michelle L. Bourgeois, and Timothy A. Brown  Introduction 29  Goals of the Clinical Interview 29  Elements of the Clinical Interview 30  Interviewing Techniques 35  Reliability and Validity of Interviews 36  Integrating Cultural Context in Interviews 38  Actuarial Judgment 38  Functional Analysis 39  Differential Diagnosis 40  Summary 40  4 Clinical Interviews with Children and Adolescents 43Eva Charlotte Merten and Silvia Schneider  Introduction 43  Clinical Interviews with Children and Adolescents 45  Implementation of Clinical Interviews 51  Difficulties in Daily Practice 56  Everything Perfect? How Often are Structured Interviews used in Clinical Practice? 58  Summary 59  5 Psychological Tests 65Robert J. Craig  Introduction 65  Principles and Properties of Psychological Tests 66  Types of Psychological Tests 66  Objective Personality Tests 67  Projective Clinical Assessment Instruments 73  Computer Test Interpretation 74  Recent Challenges 75  6 A Global Perspective on Neuropsychological Assessment 81Rachel N. Casas, Matthew Calamia, and Daniel Tranel  Introduction 81  Purposes of Neuropsychological Assessment 83  Classification of Behavior and Cognition in Neuropsychological Assessment 85  Neuropsychological Assessment: Approaches and Methods 87  Critical Considerations for Neuropsychological Assessment in a Global Society 89  Interpretation of Neuropsychological Assessment Results 91  Feedback and Recommendations 93  Future Directions for Neuropsychological Assessment: A Global Perspective 94  7 Culturally Informed Neuropsychological Assessment 99Rosemary Toomey  Introduction 99  The Field of Clinical Neuropsychology 99  Clinical Neuropsychology Assessment 100  Crosscultural Considerations in Clinical Neuropsychology 105  Are Nonverbal Tests Culture Free? 106  Bilingualism 106  Translating Tests 107  Literacy 107  Norming by Race or Country 108  Acculturation 108  Interaction of Different Subject Characteristics 109  Child Neuropsychology 109  Reading Disorder: A Lens through which to View Crosscultural Issues 109  Clinical Case Study 111  Summary 113  8 Evidence-Based Treatments: The Debate 119Thomas H. Ollendick, Peter Muris, and Cecilia A. Essau  Introduction 119  Defining Evidence-Based Treatments 120  Evidence-Based Treatments: The Debate 121  Conclusions 128  9 Childhood and Adolescent Disorders 135Amie E. GrillsandMelissa K. Holt  Neurodevelopmental Disorders 136  Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders 142  Summary 145  10 Mood Disorders 153Ulrich Stangier and Elisabeth A. Arens  Symptomatology and Classification of Mood Disorders 153  Epidemiology 156  Assessment 157  Treatment 158  Conclusions 166  11 Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders 173Kirstyn L. Krause and Martin M. Antony  Treatment of Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders 173  Overview of Anxiety and OC-related Disorders 173  Treatment of Anxiety and OC-Related Disorders 177  Cultural Considerations in Treatment 184  Summary 185   12 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 191Richard A. Bryant  Definition 191  Prevalence of PTSD 193  The Course of PTSD 193  Comorbidity 194  Theoretical Models of PTSD 194  Risk Factors 195  Treating PTSD 197  Early Intervention for PTSD 198  Complex PTSD 199  Conclusions 200  13 Eating Disorders 209Brunna Tuschen-Caffier and Jennifer Svaldi  Psychopathology of Eating Disorders 209  Assessment 212  Development, First Onset and Maintenance Factors 213  Treatment 215  Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) 220  14 Sexual Dysfunctions 225Pedro J. Nobre  Introduction 225  Classification of Sexual Dysfunctions 225  Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions 226  Risk Factors for Sexual Dysfunction 227  Psychological Factors and Sexual Dysfunction 228  Psychological Models of Sexual Dysfunction 230  Treatments for Sexual Dysfunction 231  Brief Summary 235  15 Couple Distress 243Mehmet Zihni Sungur  Introduction 243  What are the Processes that Differentiate Functional Couples from Dysfunctional Ones? 244  Assessment of the Couples 245  Goal Setting in Couple Therapy 246  Couple Therapy: Strategies and Techniques 247  Difficulties with Promoting Change: Difficulties Encountered during Couple Therapy Practice 247  Treatment Issues: Couple Therapy 249  Treatment Approaches for Intervention 249  Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy (CBCT) Approaches 251  Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT) 253  Behavioral Systems Approach to Couple Problems 253  Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) 254  Strategic Approaches and Brief Strategic Couple Therapy (BSCT) 255  Solution-Focused Approaches and Brief Solution-Focused Therapy (BSFT) 255  Psychoanalytical Approaches 256  16 Somatic Symptom Disorders 261Maria Kleinstäuber and Winfried Rief  Introduction 261  Classifying and Diagnosing SSRD 262  Classifying Specific Functional Somatic Syndromes 266  Specific Cultural Syndromes of Distress 267  Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions for SSRD 267  Other Psychological Interventions for SSRD 273  Empirical Evidence for Psychological Interventions in SSRD 274  Transcultural Aspects in Psychological Interventions for SSRD 276  Summary and Conclusion 276  17 Psychotic Disorders 283Tania Lincoln  Introduction 283  Description of the Disorder 283  Etiology 287  Assessment 291  Pharmacological Treatment 291  Psychological Interventions 293  Family Behavioral Interventions 299  Other Psychological Approaches and their Effectiveness 301  Summary and Outlook 302  18 Neurobiology and Pharmacological Treatment of Mental Disorders 309Borwin Bandelow  Introduction 309  Mood Disorders 312  Psychotic Disorders 314  Anxiety Disorders 316  Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 317  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 317  Somatic Symptom Disorders 318  Substance-Related Disorders 318  Eating Disorders 319  Personality Disorders 320  Dementia 321  Sleep Disorders 321  Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 321  Summary 322  19 Mindfulness-Based Interventions 327Bram Van Bockstaele, Elske Salemink, Brian D. Ostafin, Anne Marie Meijer, and Susan M. Bögels  Popular Mindfulness-Based Interventions 327  Application of Mindfulness in Mental Health Care 328  Effects of Mindfulness-based Interventions on Psychological Disorders 330  Discussion 338  Acknowledgments 340  20 Internet-Based Treatments 347Gerhard Andersson and Thomas Berger  Introduction 347  Are Internet Treatments Effective? 348  The “How” Question 349  A Research Agenda for the World? 350  Challenges for the Future 351  Summary 353  21 Virtual Reality 361Cristina Botella, Rosa M. Baños, Azucena García-Palacios, and Soledad Quero   Introduction 361  Virtual Reality for the Treatment of Different Psychological Disorders and Health Problems 362  Virtual Reality as an Ecological Context for Assessing Human Behavior 363  Virtual Reality as a Realistic Laboratory Setting for Psychopathology 365  Virual Reality Developments for the Treatment of Different Mental and Health Conditions 367  Future Perspectives and Ethical Implications of VR 373  Summary 374  22 Working Alliance 383Nicole Everitt, Brad Cini, and Nikolaos Kazantzis  Measurement 384  Evidence for Relations with Outcome 384  Impact of Alliance Rater and Time of Assessment 386  Adapting Working Alliance Based on Patient Characteristics 387  The Therapeutic Relationship is More Than the Working Alliance: The Case of Cognitive Behavior Therapy 389  Conclusion 391  23 Culture in Clinical Psychology: Adapting Treatments 399Anushka Patel and Devon E. Hinton  Why do we Need Culturally Adapted Treatments? 400  How to Adapt: Develop New Treatments or Modify what Works? 401  Evidence for Efficacy of Cultural Adaptation: What to Adapt 402  A Model of Anxiety Generation across Cultural Contexts 403  How to Culturally Adapt Treatment? 405  Summary 411  Index 419

The first book to offer a truly global perspective on the theory and practice of clinical psychology While clinical psychology is practiced the world over, up to now there has been no text devoted to examining it within a global context. The first book of its kind, Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective brings together contributions from clinicians and scholars around the world to share their insights and observations on the theory and practice of clinical psychology. Cultural differences are an important variable in the practice of clinical psychology. Yet, due partly to language barriers and entrenched cultural biases, there is little cross-cultural pollination within the field. In fact, most of the popular texts were written for English-speaking European and Anglo-American audiences and translated for other countries. As a result, most psychologists are unaware of how their profession is conceptualized and practiced in different regions, or how their own practices can be enriched by knowledge of the theories and modalities predominant among colleagues in other parts of the world. This book represents an important first step toward rectifying that state of affairs. This book: Explores key differences and similarities in how clinical psychology is conceptualized and practiced with children, adolescents, and adults across different countries and culturesAddresses essential research methods, clinical interviews, psychometric testing, neuropsychological assessments, and dominant treatment modalitiesFollows a consistent format with each chapter focusing on a specific area of the practice of clinical psychology while integrating cultural issues within the discussionIncludes coverage of how to adapt one's practice to the differing cultures of individual clients and how to work in multidisciplinary teams within a global context Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective is a valuable resource for students, trainees, and practicing psychologists, especially those who work with ethnic minority groups or with interpreters. It is also a must-read for practitioners who are considering working internationally.