Part I: The Application of Bioresource Technology in the Functional Food Sector 11 Millets: Robust Entrants to Functional Food Sector 3Sagar Maitra, Sandipan Pine, Pradipta Banerjee, Biswajit Pramanick and Tanmoy Shankar 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Nomenclature and Use 5 1.3 Description of Important Millets 7 1.3.1 Sorghum 7 1.3.2 Pearl Millet 7 1.3.3 Finger Millet 8 1.3.4 Foxtail Millet 8 1.3.5 Proso Millet 8 1.3.6 Barnyard Millet 8 1.3.7 Little Millet 9 1.3.8 Kodo Millet 9 1.3.9 Brown-Top Millet 9 1.4 Millets: The Ancient Crops 9 1.5 Current Scenario of Millets Production 10 1.6 Nutritional Importance of Millets 11 1.6.1 Millets as Functional Food 13 1.6.2 Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Aging Properties 14 1.6.3 Protection Against Cancer 15 1.6.4 Anti-Diabetic Properties 15 1.6.5 Protection Against Gastro-Intestinal Disorders 15 1.6.7 Protection Against Osteoporosis 16 1.7 Changes in Food Consumption Pattern and Future Demand 16 1.8 Food and Nutritional Security 17 1.9 Climate Change and Associated Threat to Agriculture 18 1.10 Millets: As Climate Smart Crops 19 1.11 Future Agriculture: Smart Technologies in Millet Farming 20 1.12 Conclusions 21 References 21 2 The Art and Science of Growing Microgreens 28Sreenivasan Ettammal 2.1 Introduction 28 2.2 Historical Background 29 2.3 Health Benefits of Microgreens 29 2.3.1 Source of Functional Food Components 29 2.3.2 Component of Space Life Support Systems 30 2.3.3 Component of Nutritional Diet of Troops and Residents of High Altitude Regions 30 2.4 Cultivation Practices 30 2.4.1 Species Selection 30 2.4.2 Growing Media and Propagation Felts 30 2.4.3 Growing Process 31 2.5 Quality and Shelf Life 33 2.6 Market Trends 34 2.7 Future Outlook 34 2.8 Conclusions 34 References 35 3 Novel Nutraceuticals From Marine Resources 38Zadia Qamar, Amna Syeda, Javed Ahmed and M. Irfan Qureshi 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 Marine Microorganisms as a Source of Nutraceuticals 39 3.2.1 Marine Algae 40 3.2.2 Marine Invertebrates 41 3.2.2.1 Sponges 41 3.2.2.2 Crustaceans, Echinoderms and Molluscs 42 3.2.2.3 Marine Fishes 42 3.2.2.4 Marine Actinomycetes 43 3.2.2.5 Marine Fungi 43 3.2.2.6 Marine Bacteria 44 3.3 Classification of Different Nutraceuticals Obtained from Marine Environment 44 3.3.1 Polysaccharides 44 3.3.2 Marine Lipids 45 3.3.3 Natural Pigments from Marine Sources 45 3.3.4 Chitosan and Its Derivatives 48 3.3.5 Proteins and Peptides 48 3.3.6 Minerals, Vitamins and Enzymes 49 3.3.7 Marine Probiotics and Phenolic Compounds 49 3.4 Important Bioactive Metabolites and Their Biological Properties 50 3.5 Current Status of Nutraceuticals in Market 50 3.6 Conclusion and Future Recommendations 51 References 51 4 Bioprospecting of Bioresources: Creating Value From Bioresources 57Deepika Kathuria and Sumit S. Chourasiya 4.1 Introduction 57 4.2 Bioprospecting in Various Industrial Fields 59 4.2.1 Pharmaceutical Industries 59 4.2.1.1 Drugs From Plants 59 4.2.1.2 Drugs From Bugs 61 4.2.1.2.1 Microbes 61 4.2.1.2.2 Enzymes 61 4.2.1.3 Drugs From Aquatics 69 4.3 Chemical Industries 70 4.3.1 Biocatalysis 70 4.4 Bioprospecting in Agriculture 73 4.4.1 Biofertilizers and Biopesticides 73 4.4.2 Bioremediation 74 4.5 Bioprospecting in Beautification/Cosmetics 74 4.6 Bioprospecting in Detergent Industry 78 4.7 Bioprospecting in Textile Industry 80 4.8 Bioprospecting in Paper Industry 81 4.9 Bioprospecting in Food Industry 82 4.9.1 Bioprospecting in Brewing Industry 83 4.10 Diagnostic 83 4.10.1 Application of Enzymes for the Detection of Pyrogens in PharmaceuticalProducts 84 4.10.2 Bioprospecting in Biofuel Production 84 4.11 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 84 References 85 5 Green and Smart Packaging of Food 93Gülden Gökşen, Derya Boyacı and Nick Tucker 5.1 Introduction 93 5.2 Green Packaging in Food 95 5.3 Properties of Green Packaging Materials 95 5.4 Mechanical Properties of Green Packaging Materials 97 5.5 Barrier Properties of Green Packaging 98 5.6 Green Packaging Materials with Active Properties 99 5.7 Biodegradation Mechanisms of Green Packaging 101 5.8 Main Green Food Packaging 104 5.8.1 Poly(lactic Acid) (PLA) 104 5.8.2 Polyhydroxyalkaonate (PHA) 105 5.8.3 Starch-based Materials 106 5.8.4 Cellulose-based Materials 106 5.9 Life Cycle of Green Packaging Materials 107 5.10 Smart Packaging in Food 108 5.11 Indicators for Smart Packaging 110 5.11.1 Time-Temperature Indicator (TTI) 110 5.11.2 Freshness Indicators 111 5.11.3 Packaging Integrity Indicators 112 5.12 Sensor Applications for Smart Packaging 113 5.13 Data Carriers for Smart Packaging 119 5.14 Regulatory Aspects 121 5.15 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 122 References 123 6 Nanosensors: Diagnostic Tools in the Food Industry 133Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin, Eli José Miranda Ribeiro Junior, Vennilavan Thirumavalavan and Antony De Paula Barbosa 6.1 Introduction 133 6.2 Identification of Foodborne Pathogens and Toxins 134 6.3 Pesticides and Carcinogenic Detection 140 6.3.1 Nitrites-Carcinogenic Detection 141 6.3.2 Mycotoxin Detection 141 6.3.3 Food Packaging 142 6.3.4 Food Freshness Detection 143 6.4 Chemicals and Food Additives Detection 144 6.4.1 Preservatives 144 6.4.2 Dyes 144 6.4.3 Sweeteners 145 6.4.4 Antioxidants 145 6.4.5 Food Allergens 145 6.5 Nano-based Sensors for Smart Packaging 146 6.5.1 Nanobarcodes 147 6.5.2 e-NOSE and e-TONGUE 147 6.5.3 Oxygen Sensors 147 6.5.4 Humidity Sensors 148 6.5.5 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sensor 148 6.6 Challenges 149 6.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 150 References 150 7 Harnessing Genetic Diversity for Addressing Wheat-based Time Bound Food Security Projections: A Selective Comprehensive Practical Overview 160Abdul Mujeeb-Kazi, Niaz Ali, Ian Dundas, Philip Larkin, Alexey Morghonov, Richard R-C Wang, Francis Ogbonnaya, Hanif Khan, Nasir Saeed, Shabir Wani, Mohammad Sohail Saddiq, Mohammad Jamil, Abdul Aziz Napar, Fatima Khalid, Mahjabeen Tariq, Rumana Keyani, Zeeshan Ali and Sanjaya Rajaram 7.1 The Global Wheat Scenario 162 7.2 Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding Over 9 Billion by 2050 163 7.3 Conventional Wheat Improvement Strategies 165 7.3.1 Breeding Methods 165 7.3.2 Recombination Breeding 166 7.3.3 Pedigree or Line Breeding 167 7.3.4 Bulk Method 168 7.3.5 Single Seed Descent (SSD) Method 168 7.3.6 Backcross Breeding 169 7.3.7 Modified Pedigree Bulk 169 7.3.8 Selected Bulk 170 7.3.9 Multiline Breeding 170 7.3.10 Shuttle Breeding 171 7.3.11 Doubled Haploid 172 7.3.12 Mutation Breeding 173 7.3.13 Hybrid Wheat 175 7.3.14 The XYZ System 176 7.4 Innovative Technologies for Accessing Novel Genetic Diversity 177 7.5 Major Global Locations of Wheat Genetic Diversity 179 7.6 Utilization of Genetic Diversity 179 7.6.1 Wide Crosses: The Historical Build-up 183 7.7 Distribution of Genetic Diversity: Gene Pools, Their Potential Impact and Research Integration for Practicality 185 7.7.1 The Gene Pool Structure 186 7.7.1.1 Primary Gene Pool Species 186 7.7.1.2 The A Genome (Triticum Boeoticum, T. Monococcum, T. Urartu; 2n = 2x = 14, AA) 187 7.7.1.3 The D Genome (Aegilops Tauschii = Goat Grass; 2n = 2x = 14, DD) 187 7.7.1.4 Secondary Gene Pool Species 188 7.7.1.5 Selected Secondary Gene Pool Species Utilization Example 188 7.7.1.6 Tertiary Gene Pool Species 188 7.7.1.7 The Gene Pool Potential Recap 189 7.7.1.8 Conclusion: Transfer Prerequisites Across Gene Pools 191 7.8 Underexplored Areas 191 7.8.1 Land Races: Definitions, General Characteristics and Practicality Potential 191 7.8.2 Wheat Landraces: An Additive Diversity Source 193 7.8.3 Important Collections of Wheat Landraces 194 7.9 Perennial Wheat 198 7.9.1 The Concept of a More Sustainable Perennial Wheat-Like Cereal. Is It Feasible? 198 7.9.1.1 What Benefit/s Would Come? 198 7.9.1.2 Potential Pitfalls 198 7.9.1.3 What Approaches Can Be Conceived? 199 7.9.1.4 What Progress? 200 7.9.1.5 What Lessons? 201 7.9.1.6 Suggested Way Forward? 7.9.2 Genetic Engineering for Wheat Improvement Focused on a Few Major Food Security Aspects 204 7.9.2.1 Tissue Culture and Transformation of Wheat 204 7.9.2.2 Production of Genetically-Modified Wheat 205 7.9.2.3 CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Wheat 205 7.9.2.4 Potential Traits for Genetic Improvement of Wheat Through Biotechnology 206 7.9.2.5 Yield Potential 206 7.9.2.6 Climate Change 207 7.9.2.7 Drought 207 7.9.2.8 Salinity 207 7.9.2.9 Heat 208 7.10 Historical Non-Conventional Trends for Exploiting Wheat’s Genetic Resources 208 7.10.1 Pre-1900 208 7.10.2 1901–1920 209 7.10.3 1921–1930 210 7.10.4 1931–1950 210 7.10.5 The Post-1950 Era: Preamble 211 7.10.6 Homoeologous Pairing 212 7.10.7 Isolation of Homoeologous Recombinants 213 7.10.8 Intergeneric Hybridization Steps for Wheat/Alien Crossing 214 7.10.8.1 Embryo Extraction and Handling 217 7.10.8.2 Pre-Breeding Protocol 218 7.10.8.3 Development of Genetic Stocks 219 7.10.8.4 Establishing a Living Herbarium 219 7.10.9 Interspecific Hybridization 219 7.10.10 Additive Durum Wheat Improvement 219 7.10.10.1 The Parental Choice 221 7.10.10.2 Shortening the Breeding Cycle by Inducing Homozygosity in Desired Early Breeding Generations 222 7.10.10.3 The Integration of Molecular Development Options for Efficiency and Precision 223 7.11 Alleviating Wheat Productivity Constraints via New Genetic Variation 224 7.11.1 Biotic Constraints 224 7.11.2 Insect Resistance 225 7.11.3 Root Diseases 226 7.11.4 Abiotic Stresses 226 7.11.5 Grain Yield 227 7.11.6 Bio-Fortification 228 7.11.7 Future Directions and Strategies 228 7.12 Accruing Potental Practical Benefits 230 7.13 Summary of the Practical Potential Benefits 236 7.14 The Role of Genomics Information Including Molecular Markers in Wheat 237 7.15 The Way Forward and Wrap-Up 248 7.16 Concerns 249 7.17 Conclusions 250 7.18 Some Perceptions 252 References 253 Part II: Bioresource and Future Energy Security 289 8 Waste-to-Energy: Potential of Biofuels Production from Sawdust as a Pathway to Sustainable Energy Development 291Oyebanji Joseph Adewumi, Oyedepo Sunday Olayinka, Kilanko Oluwaseun and Dunmade Israel Sunday 8.1 Introduction 291 8.2 Overview of Potential WTE Technologies for Biomass Wastes 293 8.2.1 Thermo-Chemical Conversion Technologies 293 8.2.1.1 Gasification 294 8.2.1.2 Pyrolysis 294 8.2.1.3 Liquefaction 295 8.3 Biochemical Conversion Technologies 295 8.4 Potential Feedstocks for Waste-to-Energy 296 8.4.1 Agricultural Residues 296 8.4.2 Animal Waste 296 8.4.3 Forestry Residues 296 8.4.4 Industrial Wastes 296 8.4.5 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) 297 8.4.6 Black Liquor 297 8.5 Waste-to-Energy and Sustainable Energy Development 297 8.6 Challenges and Future Prospects of Waste-to-Energy Technologies 298 8.7 Case Study: Application of Fast Pyrolysis for Conversion of Sawdust to Bio-Oil 299 8.7.1 Samples Collection and Experimental Analysis 299 8.7.2 Instrumentation and Experimental Set-up 299 8.7.3 GCMS Analysis 299 8.7.4 Chemical and Physical Composition of Biofuel Yield 300 8.7.5 Characterization of Bio-Oil Yield from Sawdust Samples 301 8.8 Economic and Environmental Benefits of Biofuel 304 8.8.1 Economics Benefits 304 8.8.2 Environmental Benefits of Biofuel 304 8.9 Conclusion and Recommendations 304 References 305 9 Biogas Production and Processing from Various Organic Wastes in Anaerobic Digesters and Landfills 310Setareh Heidari, David A. Wood, Birendra K. Rajan and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail 9.1 Introduction 310 9.2 Urban Waste as a Raw Material for Biogas Production 311 9.2.1 Independent-Source Organic Waste 311 9.2.2 Sewage Sludge 312 9.3 Biogas Feedstock Properties 313 9.3.1 Suitability and Availability 313 9.3.2 Digestibility 318 9.3.3 Impurities with Digester-Disrupting Effects 318 9.3.4 Feedstocks Acting as AD Biogas Boosters 318 9.4 Biogas Production Technology Applied to Landfills 319 9.4.1 Anaerobic Digester Pre-Treatments 321 9.4.2 Digester Design and Process Optimization 322 9.4.3 Hydrolysis Enhancements 322 9.4.4 Bacterial Clean-up of AD Digester Effluent 323 9.4.5 Additives to Enhance Methane Yield 324 9.4.6 Biogas Upgrading Technologies 324 9.4.6.1 Carbon Dioxide Removal Technologies 324 9.4.7 Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia Removal 326 9.4.8 Siloxane Removal 326 9.5 Conclusions 326 References 327 10 Extremophiles as Gold Mines for Bioprospecting 332Sheikh Tanveer Salam, Mukhtar Ahmad Malik and Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah 10.1 Introduction 332 10.2 Bioprospecting of Extremophiles 333 10.3 Bioprospecting of Thermophiles 338 10.4 Bioprospecting of Acidophiles 338 10.5 Bioprospecting of Psychrophiles 339 10.6 Bioprospecting of Halophiles 339 10.7 Bioprospecting of Metallophiles 339 10.8 Conclusion and Future Perspective 340 References 340 Part III: Bioresource Technology: Solution to Sustainable Environment and Management Policies 345 11 Algal-based Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment 347Setareh Heidari, David A. Wood and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail 11.1 Introduction 347 11.2 Algal Treatment System: Requirements and Complications 349 11.3 Elements of Microalgae Cultivation 350 11.4 Membranes and Their Application in Water and Wastewater Treatments 351 11.5 Algal Membrane Photobioreactors 353 11.6 Factors Affecting the Performance of Membrane Photobioreactors 356 11.6.1 Operating Factors 356 11.6.1.1 Temperature 356 11.6.2.2 Acidity-Alkalinity (Ph) 356 11.6.3.3 Flux and Permeate Flux Through the Reactors 356 11.6.4.4 Hydraulic and Solids Retention Time 356 11.6.5.5 Lighting 357 11.6.6.6 Aeration 357 11.7 Biomass Properties Impacting MPBR Performance 357 11.7.1 Microorganisms 357 11.7.2 Wastewater Properties 358 11.8 Challenges and Limitations 358 11.9 Future Directions for Algal-based Membrane Bioreactors 11.10 Conclusions 360 References 361 12 Engineering Plants for Metal Tolerance and Accumulation 373Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli, Flávia Cristina Policarpo Tonelli, Moline Severino Lemos, Helon Guimarães Cordeiro and Danilo Roberto Carvalho Ferreira 12.1 Introduction 373 12.2 Metals’ Bioremediation 374 12.2.1 Metal Phytoremediation 376 12.2.2 Non-Target Specific Engineered Plants to Metal Phytoremediation 377 12.2.3 Target Specific Genomic Engineering Technique to Enhance Plants Metal Tolerance and Accumulation 380 12.2.4 Important Methodologies to Engineer Plants to Metals Phytoremediation 383 12.3 Omics as Tools to Elucidate Important Genes to Plants Engineering 384 12.4 Conclusion 387 12.5 Future Perspectives 387 References 388 13 Recent Advances in Enzymatic Membranes and Their Sustainable Applications Across Industry 399Setareh Heidari, David A. Wood and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail 13.1 Introduction 399 13.2 Enzymes 401 13.3 Global Demand for Commercial Enzymes 403 13.4 Membrane Technology 405 13.5 Fouling-Type Immobilization Membranes 407 13.6 Physical Procedures that Immobilize Enzyme in/on Membranes 407 13.7 Covalent Bonds that Immobilize Enzymes in/on Membranes 407 13.7.1 Amino Groups that Modify Membranes 408 13.7.2 Carboxylic Groups that Modify Membranes 408 13.7.3 Epoxy Groups that Modify Membranes 408 13.7.4 Azido Groups that Modify Membranes 409 13.8 Cross-linkage Procedures 409 13.9 Applications of Enzymatic Membrane Reactors 409 13.9.1 Treatment of Milk or Cheese Whey 409 13.9.2 Treatments of Animal, Plant, and Waste Oils and Fats 410 13.9.3 Pharmaceutical Production Employing Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors 410 13.9.4 Biocatalytic-Membrane Reactors for Biomedical Applications 411 13.9.5 Biocatalytic-Membrane Reactors for Agricultural Applications 411 13.9.6 Biocatalytic-Membrane Reactors for Waste-Water Treatment 411 13.10 Limitations, Challenges and Solution for EMR Applications 412 13.11 Conclusions 414 References 415 14 Use and Manufacture of Biopesticides and Biofertilizers in Latin America 424Luis Jesús Castillo-Pérez, Juan José Maldonado Miranda and Candy Carranza-Álvarez 14.1 Introduction 424 14.2 Current Problems of Pesticides and Fertilizers in Latin America 425 14.3 Manufacture and Use of Biopesticides and Biofertilizers in Latin America 426 14.4 Manufacture of A Natural Repellent: A Case Study 430 14.5 Biotechnological Interventions in Biopesticide Synthesis 433 14.6 Biofertilizers Relevance and Plant Tolerance to Abiotic/Biotic Stress 433 14.7 Conclusions 436 References 436 15 Carbon Sequestration Alternatives for Mitigating the Accumulation of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere 443Erfan Sadatshojaei, Setareh Heidari, Zahra Edraki, David A. Wood and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail 15.1 Introduction 443 15.2 Impact of Greenhouse Gases 444 15.2.1 The Natural Greenhouse Impacts 444 15.2.2 Anthropogenic Greenhouse Impacts 445 15.3 Soil’s Role in the Sequestration of Carbon 446 15.3.1 Organic Carbon Sequestration 446 15.3.2 Inorganic Carbon Sequestration in Soils 449 15.4 Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration 450 15.4.1 Global Forest Management 450 15.4.1.1 Improving Agricultural Practices 452 15.4.1.2 Improving Biofuel Production Processes 453 15.5 Carbon Sequestration into Sub-Surface Geological Reservoirs 454 15.6 Oceanic Carbon Sequestration 456 15.7 Conclusions 457 References 458 16 Nanotechnology for Future Sustainable Plant Production Under Changing Environmental Conditions 466Ayesha Tahir, Jun Kang, Jaffer Ali, Ameer Bibi and Shabbar Abbas 16.1 Introduction 466 16.2 Nanotechnology and Synthesis of Nanomaterials 467 16.2.1 Chemical Methods 467 16.2.2 Physical Methods 468 16.2.3 Biological Methods (Green Synthesis) 468 16.2.3.1 Plant Extract-based Synthesis of Nanomaterials 468 16.2.3.2 Microorganism-based Synthesis of Nanomaterials 469 16.3 Potential Applications of Nanotechnology in Agriculture for Climate Resilient Crops 470 16.3.1 Nanotechnology and Efficient Use of Input Resources 470 16.3.1.1 Water Use Efficiency Enhancement 470 16.3.1.2 Light Use Efficiency Enhancement 471 16.3.1.3 Nutrient Use Efficiency Enhancement 471 16.3.2 Nanomaterials and Plant Growth Enhancement 472 16.3.2.1 Germination and Vigor Enhancement 472 16.3.3 Nanoparticles to Mitigate Biotic Stresses 473 16.3.3.1 Nano-Pesticides 473 16.3.3.2 Nano-Fungicides 473 16.3.4 Nanomaterials to Mitigate Abiotic Stresses 474 16.3.4.1 Nanoparticles to Mitigate Drought Stress 474 16.3.4.2 Nanoparticles to Mitigate Metal Stress 474 16.3.4.3 Nanoparticles to Mitigate Salinity Stress 476 16.3.4.4 Nanoparticles to Mitigate Flooding Stress 477 16.3.4.5 Nanoparticles to Mitigate Heat Stress 477 16.3.4.6 Nanoparticles to Mitigate Cold Stress 477 16.4 Advances in Nanotechnology 478 16.4.1 Nanotechnology in Tissue Culture 478 16.4.2 NPs in Genome Editing 479 16.4.3 Nanosensors/Smart Plant Sensors 480 16.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 481 References 482 17 Nanoscience: A Boon for Reviving Agriculture 493Afrozah Hassan, Shabana Gulzar, Hanan Javid and Irshad Ahmad Nawchoo 17.1 Introduction 493 17.2 Agriculture: A Growing Need 494 17.2.1 Advanced Agriculture System Through Nanoscience 494 17.2.2 Nanofertilizers for Agriculture 495 17.3 Nano Herbicides and Agriculture 496 17.4 Nanotechnology Leading to Sustainable Agriculture 497 17.5 Conclusion 499 References 499 18 Profitability and Economics Analysis of Bioresource Management 504Ghulam Mustafa 18.1 Introduction 504 18.2 Bioeconomy 504 18.3 Profitability Analysis of Bioresource-based Business 505 18.3.1 Short Rotation Cultivation (SRC) 506 18.3.2 Ecotourism 507 18.3.3 District Heating 507 18.3.4 Aquatic Biorefinery 508 18.4 Food Waste to Bioresource Businesses and Their Efficacies 509 18.4.1 Biofertilizer and Biogas Production 509 18.4.2 Biomethane 509 18.4.3 Bioethanol Fermentation 510 18.5 Bioresources for Risk Prevention and Poverty Alleviation 512 18.6 Conclusion 513 References 513 Index 517

Discover the latest developments in the field of bioresource technology with this practical handbook The management and cultivation of bioresources are critical components of the economic survival of nations. Significantly underexplored, recent advances in bioresource technologies have breathed new life into the research and development of new bioresource techniques and capabilities. In Bioresource Technology: Concept, Tools, and Experiences, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive work intended to bridge the gap between field-oriented taxonomists and ecologists and lab-oriented functional and molecular biologists. The book is divided into three sections: food, environment, and energy. In the first part, the authors explore the functional food sector, from green and smart food packaging to nanosensors as diagnostic tools in the food industry. The second part is concerned with the achievement of future energy security through the use of bioresources as energy sources. Finally, the third section discusses sustainable environmental management policies via bioresource use. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction on the recent advances in the technology pertaining to functional food industry to overcome the future food challengesComprehensive explorations of the art and science of growing microgreens, including their historical background, cultivation practices, quality, and shelf lifeIn-depth examinations of the bioprospecting of bioresources, including bioprospecting in agriculture, chemical industries, and diagnostic applicationsProvides state-of-the art technologies in the green energy sector to cater for the energy demand of the people, reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) and the reliance on fossil fuelsIn-depth understanding on the recent advances in the bioresource management policies and sustainable environment Perfect for postgraduate students, research scholars, faculty, and scientists involved in agriculture, plant sciences, environmental sciences, bioenergy, biofuels, molecular biology, and microbiology, Bioresource Technology: Concept, Tools, and Experiences is also an indispensable resource for those working in biochemistry, biotechnology, and food technology.