The Magnesium Technology Symposium, the event on which this collection is based, is one of the largest yearly gatherings of magnesium specialists in the world. Papers represent all aspects of the field, ranging from primary production to applications to recycling.

Preface xiii About the Editorsxv Session Chairs xix Reviewer Pool xxi Keynote Session Automotive Magnesium: Impacts and Opportunities 3 W. Joost Alloy Development, Manufacturing and Design for Magnesium Applications 5 A. Luo Life Cycle Assessment of Eco-Magnesium Alloy Produced by Green Metallurgy EU Project Process Route 7 F. D'Errico, G. Plaza, F. Giger, and S. Kim The IMA Study on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Magnesium 13 H. Friedrich, and S. Ehrenberger Dynamic Behaviour of a Rare Earth Containing Mg Alloy, WE43B-T5, Plate with Comparison to Conventional Alloy, AM30-F 15 S. Agnew, W. Wittington, A. Oppedal, H. El Kadiri, M. Shaeffer, K. Ramesh, J. Bhattacharyya, R. DeLorme, and B. Davis Thermodynamic and Kinetic Calculations for TRC (Twin Roll Casting) Mg Alloy Design 17 I. Jung and M. Paliwal Powders, Recycling, Hydrometallurgy, Primary Production, and Creep Emerging Applications Using Magnesium Alloy Powders: A Feasibility Study 21 R. Tandon and D. Madan Isothermal Hydrogenation Kinetics Study of Magnesium Hydride with TiH2 Additive 27 J. Li, P. Fan, C. Zhou, and Z. Fang Magnesium Electrorefining in Non-Aqueous Electrolyte at Room Temperature 31 K. Kwon, J. Park, P. Kusumah, B. Dilasari, H. Kim, and C. Lee Recovery of Rare Earth Metals in Used Magnets by Molten Magnesium 35 T. Akahori, Y. Miyamoto, T. Saeki, M. Okamoto, and T. Okabe Recovery of Magnesium and Recycling of Spent Solution in Chloride-Based Atmospheric Acid Leaching of Nickel Laterite 39 Y. Ge, W. Ding, D. Tan, and S. Guo Effect of Physical Properties of Dolomite on Carbothermic Reduction 43 S. Wang, Y. Wang, G. Bin, and J. Diao Time Dependent Springback of a Magnesium Alloy 49 B. Li, Z. McClelland, S. Horstemeyer, I. Aslam, P. Wang, and M. Horstemeyer Precipitate Formation in Uniaxially Stressed High Pressure Die Cast Binary Mg-Nd Alloy during Creep Testing 55 D. Choudhuri, S. Nag, N. Dendge, M. Gibson, and R. Banerjee A Review of the Influence of Production Methods and Intermetallic Phases on the Creep Properties of AZ91 59 P. Roodposhti, A. Sarkar, and K. Murty Indentation Creep Behavior of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr (wt.%) Alloy at Elevated Temperatures 65 H. Wang, Q. Wang, and J. Yuan Deformation I The Athermal Component of the Strength of Binary Mg Solid Solutions 73 S. Abaspour and C. Cáceres Crack Propagation under Bending in Cast Mg10GdxNd-T4 Alloys 77 P. Maier, C. Mendis, M. Wolff, and N. Hort High Shear Deformation to Produce High Strength and Energy Absorption in Mg Alloys 83 V. Joshi, S. Jana, D. Li, H. Garmestani, E. Nyberg, and C. Lavender As-Cast Microstructure and Texture of Twin-Roll Cast AZ31 89 M. Masoumi, F. Zarandi, and M. Pekguleryuz Post Deformation Annealing Behaviour of Mg-Al-Sn Alloys 95 A. Kabir, J. Su, M. Sanjari, I. Jung, and S. Yue Acoustic Emission Analysis of Plane Strain-Compressed Mg Single Crystals 101 D. Drozdenko, P. Dobro, M. Knapek, D. Letzig, J. Bohlen, and F. Chmelík Precipitation Strengthening of a Mg-Zn Alloy in Tension and Compression 105 J. Rosalie, H. Somekawa, and A. Singh Characterization of Damage in Magnesium Using Digital Image Correlation and Electron Backscattered Diffraction Patterning 111 M. Nemcko, P. Mas, M. Bruhis, and D. Wilkinson Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Extruded Mg10GdxNd Alloys 115 G. Tober, P. Maier, S. Müller, and N. Hort Quantification of Microstructure-Properties-Behavior Relations in Magnesium Alloys Using a Hybrid Approach 121 K. Hazeli, J. Cuadra, P. Vanniamparambil, R. Carmi, and A. Kontsos Deformation II Dislocation Activity in AZ31B Magnesium Deformed at Moderately Elevated Temperatures via EBSD 127 T. Ruggles, A. Khosravani, D. Fullwood, and M. Miles Deformation, Recrystallization and Grain Growth Behavior of Large-Strain Hot Rolled Binary Mg-1Dy Alloy 133 I. Basu and T. Al-Samman Strain Recrystallization and Grain Growth in AZ31B-H24 Magnesium Alloy Sheet 139 A. Antoniswamy, J. Carter, L. Hector Jr., and E. Taleff Deformation Behavior and Dynamic Recrystallization of Micro-Alloyed Mg-Al-Ca Alloys during High Temperature Deformation 143 J. Su, A. Kabir, I. Jung, and S. Yue Physically-Based Model for Static Recrystallization in AZ31 149 P. Okrutny, S. Liang, L. Meng, and H. Zurob The Role of Deformation Modes on Ductility and Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of AZ31 Mg Alloy at Low Temperatures 155 E. Dogan, M. Vaughan, C. Hayrettin, I. Karaman, and G. Ayoub Effect of Microstructure on Deformation and Fracture of Thixomolded and Thermomechanically Processed AZ61 161 T. Berman, W. Donlon, R. Decker, T. Pollock, and J. Jones Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg-14%Li-1%Al Alloy during the High-Pressure Torsion 167 C. Tian, H. Lu, and L. Zhao Melting, Modeling, and Solidification Finite-Element Analysis of Melt Flow in Horizontal Twin-Roll Casting of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 173 J. Park Nucleation and Growth of Metastable Phases in Mg-Nd, Mg-Gd and Mg-Gd-Nd Based Alloys 179 S. El Majid, G. Atiya, M. Bamberger, and A. Katsman A Numerical and Experimental Study of Flow Behavior in High Pressure Die Casting 185 M. Saeedipour, S. Schneiderbauer, S. Pirker, and S. Bozorgi In Situ Synchrotron Radiation Diffraction during Melting and Solidification of Mg-Al Alloys Containing CaO 191 B. Wiese, C. Mendis, D. Tolnai, G. Szakacs, A. Stark, N. Schell, H. Reichel, R. Bruckner, K. Kainer, and N. Hort Solidification Characteristics of Wrought Magnesium Alloys Containing Rare Earth Metals 197 A. Javaid, F. Czerwinski, R. Zavadil, M. Aniolek, and A. Hadadzadeh Strengthening due to the Percolating Eutectic Microstructure in Squeeze Cast MRI230D 203 B. Zhang, A. Nagasekhar, and C. Cáceres Effect of Al Addition on Microstructure of AZ91D 209 U. Joshi and N. Babu In Situ Synchrotron Radiation Diffraction during Solidification of Mg4Y and Mg4YxGd Alloys (x = 1, 4 wt.%) 213 G. Szakács, B. Wiese, C. Mendis, D. Tolnai, A. Stark, N. Schell, M. Nair, K. Kainer, and N. Hort A New Method for Melting Mg-Li Alloys 219 L. Gong, J. Zhang, T. Yin, J. Wei, and G. Wu Texture and Wrought Processing I Deformation Behavior of ZE10 Magnesium Alloy Sheet 227 P. Dobron, J. Balík, F. Chmelík, K. Illková, D. Drozdenko, J. Bohlen, D. Letzig, and P. Lukac Texture Evolution during Grain Growth of Magnesium Alloy AZ31B 233 J. Bhattacharyya, B. Radhakrishnan, G. Muralidharan, and S. Agnew Effect of Annealing on Microstructure, Texture and Tensile Properties of Twin-Roll Cast AZ31B 239 M. Masoumi, F. Zarandi, and M. Pekguleryuz Influence of Rolling Direction and Temperature on the Texture Formation in Rolled AZ31B Magnesium Alloy 245 L. Catorceno and N. de Lima Texture Evolution during Wire Drawing of Mg-RE Alloy 251 M. Chatterton, J. Robson, and D. Henry Extrusion of Hollow Magnesium Profiles and Investigation of Extrusion Seams 257 F. Gensch, R. Nitschke, S. Gall, and S. Müller Microstructural Evolution and Its Relationship to the Mechanical Properties of Mg AZ31B Friction Stir Back Extruded Tubes 263 J. Milner and F. Abu-Farha Effect of Yttrium Addition on Texture Development in a Cast Mg-Al-Y Magnesium Alloy during Compression 269 N. Tahreen, D. Chen, M. Nouri, and D. Li Wrought Processing II and Joining Spike-Forging of As-Cast TX32 Magnesium Alloy 275 K. Rao, K. Suresh, N. Hort, and K. Kainer An Introduction to the Forging of Elektron43 - A High Performance Wrought Magnesium Alloy 281 D. Henry, M. Turski, P. Lyon, and T. Wilks Structure and Properties of Interlayer Formed between Magnesium Alloy Core and Aluminium Alloy Coating during Deformation 285 S. Boczkal, P. Korczak, B. Plonka, W. Szymanski, and M. Nowak A Novel Process for Producing Large Scale Mg-Sheets 289 G. Norbert, E. Marcus, N. André, K. Christian, H. Sven, B. Bernd-Arno, and H. Maier Effect of Volume Fraction of Icosahedral Phase in CaO Added Mg-Zn-Y Alloys 293 H. Lim, D. Kim, T. Kwak, W. Yang, H. Kim, Y. Yoon, and S. Kim Effect of CaO on Hot Workability and Microstructure of Mg-9.5Zn-2Y Alloy 297 T. Kwak, D. Kim, J. Yang, Y. Yoon, S. Kim, H. Lim, and W. Kim Welding of Dissimilar Light Metals by Disk Laser 301 M. Sahul, M. Turna, and M. Sahul Design of Binary Zinc-Based Solder for Joining Mg Alloy Type AZ 31 B 307 M. Jana, M. Turna, and M. Ozvold Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloy Type AZ 31 311 T. Kupec, M. Behúlová, M. Turna, and M. Sahul Corrosion and Coatings Enhancing Corrosion Resistance by a Hydrophobic Surface Feature for Magnesium Alloy AZ91D 319 X. Chen, C. Ke, and N. Birbilis Oxidation and Corrosion Behavior of Non-Flammable Magnesium Alloys Containing Ca and Y 325 B. You, Y. Kim, C. Yim, and H. Kim Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Alloys Containing Sn and Zn 331 C. Yim, S. Woo, J. Yang, and B. You Effect of Surface Condition on the Localized Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Alloy AZ31B 335 Z. Cano, J. Kish, and J. McDermid Formation of Self-Assembled Monolayer on Cerium Conversion Coated AZ31 Mg Alloy 341 S. Salman, N. Akira, K. Kuroda, and M. Okido Effects of Current Density on Microstructure and Corrosion Property of Coating on AZ31 Mg Alloy Processed via Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation 345 K. Lee, F. Einkhah, M. Sani, Y. Ko, and D. Shin Corrosion-Stress Relaxation Effects on Tensile Properties of an AZ61 Magnesium Alloy 351 H. Martin, C. Walton, K. Bruce, A. Hicks, M. Horstemeyer, W. Whittington, and P. Wang Corrosion Behavior of Friction Stir Welded AZ31 Joints for Automotive Applications 357 X. Zhang, Z. Cano, B. Wilson, J. Kish, and J. McDermid Biomedical Applications Development of a Generalised Understanding of Environmentally-Assisted Degradation of Magnesium-Aluminium Alloys 365 N. Winzer, H. Höpfel, and P. Casajus Coating Systems for Biodegradable Magnesium Applications 371 J. Seitz, R. Eifler, M. Vaughan, C. Seal, M. Hyland, and H. Maier Improvement of Cytocompatibility of Magnesium Alloy ZM21 by Surface Modification 375 A. Witecka, A. Yamamoto, and W. Swieszkowski Cytocompatibility of Mg Alloys and the Effect of Cells on Their Degradation in Biological Environment 381 A. Yamamoto and Y. Kohyamda Alloy Design In-Situ Neutron Diffraction Study of Aging in Alloy ZK60A 389 S. Agnew, C. Calhoun, and B. Clausen Development of a High Strength Ductile Wrought Mg-Zn Based Alloy 395 L. Ma, T. Sasaki, T. Nakata, T. Ohkubo, K. Hono, and S. Kamado Significant Precipitation Strengthening in Extruded Mg-Sn-Zn Alloys 401 T. Sasaki, F. Elsayed, T. Nakata, S. Kamado, T. Ohkubo, and K. Hono Al and Zn Impurity Diffusion in Binary and Ternary Magnesium Solid-Solutions 407 C. Kammerer, N. Kulkarni, R. Warmack, and Y. Sohn Formation and Evolution of Intermetallic Phases in the Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr System 413 K. Peng, J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and Q. Li Light-Metal Matrix (Nano)-Composites Microstructure-Property Relationships I An Insight into Processing and Characteristics of Magnesium Based Composites 423 M. Gupta and W. Wong Hot Extruded Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites and Its Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties 429 H. Mindivan, A. Efe, and E. Kayali Hardening and Softening Processes in AJ51 Magnesium Alloy Reinforced with Short Saffil Fibres 435 Z. Trojanova, G. Farkas, K. Máthis, and P. Lukac Microstructure-Property Relationships II: Modeling and Advanced Characterization Fabrication and Tensile Properties of Al2O3 Particle and Fibre Hybrid Magnesium (AM60)-Based Composites 443 X. Zhang, Q. Zhang, H. Hu, and X. Nie Enhancing Tensile and Compressive Strength of AZ41 Magnesium Alloy by Adding Nano-Sized Al2O3 449 M. Alam and A. Hamouda Phase-Field Modeling of Solidification in Light-Metal Matrix Nanocomposites 455 T. Pusztai, L. Rátkai, A. Szállás, and L. Granasy Advanced Characterization of Metal Matrix Nano-Composites 461 M. Maher and L. Williams Emerging Processes Achieving Uniform Distribution and Dispersion of a High Percentage Nanoparticles in Mg18Sn Matrix by Solidification Processing 467 L. Chen, J. Peng, J. Xu, H. Choi, and X. Li Effect of Nano-Reinforcement on Properties of Cast Mg-Al Alloy AZ91 471 M. Mahmoud, I. El-Mahallawi, and R. Rashad In-Situ Synthesis and Novel Additions Ceramic Dispersions in Metal Castings Created by Direct Injection of a Liquid Organic Precursor into the Melt 479 R. Sudarshan Magnesium Technology 2013 Addendum Corrosion and Adhesion Properties of Cerium-Based Conversion Coatings on Magnesium Alloys 487 S. Maddela and M. O'Keefe Corrosion of Ultrasonic Spot Weldbonds of Magnesium to Steel 491 T. Pan, Z. Feng, M. Santella, and J. Chen Friction Stir Back Extrusion of Mg AZ31B-F: A Preliminary Investigation 497 J. Milner and F. Abu-Farha Impurity Diffusion Coefficients of Al and Zn in Mg Determined from Solid-to-Solid Diffusion Couples 505 C. Kammerer, N. Kulkarni, R. Warmack, K. Perry, I. Belova, G. Murch, and Y. Sohn Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr Alloy Processed by ECAP at High Temperature 511 Y. Zhou, D. Li, X. Zeng, Y. Wu, and W. Ding The USAMP Magnesium Front End Research and Development Project ? Results of the Magnesium "Demonstration" Structure 517 J. Forsmark, M. Li, X. Su, D. Wagner, J. Zindel, A. Luo, J. Quinn, R. Verma, Y. Wang, S. Logan, S. Bilkhu, and R. McCune Author Index 525 Subject Index 529