This book provides up-to-date information on research and development in the rapidly growing area of networks based on the multi-hop ad hoc networking paradigm. It reviews all classes of networks that have successfully adopted this paradigm, pointing out how they penetrated the mass market and sparked breakthrough research.

PREFACE xiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv CONTRIBUTORS xvii PART I GENERAL ISSUES 1 Multihop Ad Hoc Networking: The Evolutionary Path 3 Marco Conti and Silvia Giordano 1.1 Introduction, 3 1.2 MANET Research: Major Achievements and Lessons Learned, 5 1.3 Multihop Ad Hoc Networks: From Theory to Reality, 16 1.4 Summary and Conclusions, 25 2 Enabling Technologies and Standards for Mobile Multihop Wireless Networking 34 Enzo Mingozzi and Claudio Cicconetti 2.1 Introduction, 35 2.2 Broadband Wireless Access Technologies, 37 2.3 Wireless Local Area Networks Technologies, 43 2.4 Personal Area Networks Technologies, 53 2.5 Mobility Support in Heterogeneous Scenarios, 65 2.6 Conclusions, 67 3 Application Scenarios 77 Ilias Leontiadis, Ettore Ferranti, Cecilia Mascolo, Liam McNamara, Bence Pasztor, Niki Trigoni, and Sonia Waharte 3.1 Introduction, 78 3.2 Military Applications, 79 3.3 Network Connectivity, 81 3.4 Wireless Sensor Networks, 84 3.5 Search and Rescue, 89 3.6 Vehicular Networks, 93 3.7 Personal Content Dissemination, 96 3.8 Conclusions, 98 4 Security in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 106 Roberto Di Pietro and Josep Domingo-Ferrer 4.1 Introduction, 106 4.2 Wireless Sensor Networks, 110 4.3 Unattended WSN, 125 4.4 Wireless Mesh Networks, 130 4.5 Delay-Tolerant Networks, 134 4.6 Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), 137 4.7 Conclusions and Open Research Issues, 144 5 Architectural Solutions for End-User Mobility 154 Salvatore Vanini and Anna Forster 5.1 Introduction, 154 5.2 Mesh Networks, 155 5.3 Wireless Sensor Networks, 182 5.4 Conclusion, 188 6 ExperimentalWork Versus Simulation in the Study of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 191 Carlo Vallati, Victor Omwando, and Prasant Mohapatra 6.1 Introduction, 191 6.2 Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Simulation Tools and Experimental Platforms, 192 6.3 Gap Between Simulations and Experiments: Issues and Factors, 199 6.4 Good Simulations: Validation, Verification, and Calibration, 220 6.5 Simulators and Testbeds: Future Prospects, 226 6.6 Conclusion, 228 PART II MESH NETWORKING 7 Resource Optimization in Multiradio Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks 241 Antonio Capone, Ilario Filippini, Stefano Gualandi, and Di Yuan 7.1 Introduction, 242 7.2 Network and Interference Models, 244 7.3 Maximum Link Activation Under the SINR Model, 245 7.4 Optimal Link Scheduling, 247 7.5 Joint Routing and Scheduling, 254 7.6 Dealing with Channel Assignment and Directional Antennas, 257 7.7 Cooperative Networking, 263 7.8 Concluding Remarks and Future Issues, 269 8 Quality of Service in Mesh Networks 275 Raffaele Bruno 8.1 Introduction, 275 8.2 QoS Definition, 277 8.3 A Taxonomy of Existing QoS Routing Approaches, 278 8.4 Routing Protocols with Optimization-Based Path Selection, 280 8.5 Routing Metrics for Minimum-Weight Path Selection, 291 8.6 Feedback-Based Path Selection, 307 8.7 Conclusions, 308 PART III OPPORTUNISTIC NETWORKING 9 Applications in Delay-Tolerant and Opportunistic Networks 317 Teemu K¨arkk¨ainen, Mikko Pitkanen, and JoergOtt 9.1 Application Scenarios, 318 9.2 Challenges for Applications Over DTN, 322 9.3 Critical Mechanisms for DTN Applications, 328 9.4 DTN Applications (Case Studies), 336 9.5 Conclusion: Rethinking Applications for DTNs, 357 10 Mobility Models in Opportunistic Networks 360 Kyunghan Lee, Pan Hui, and Song Chong 10.1 Introduction, 360 10.2 Contact-Based Measurement, Analysis, and Modeling, 361 10.3 Trajectory Models, 376 10.4 Implications for Network Protocol Design, 399 10.5 New Paradigm: Delay-Resource Tradeoffs, 406 11 Opportunistic Routing 419 Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos and Andreea Picu 11.1 Introduction, 420 11.2 Cornerstones of Opportunistic Networks, 422 11.3 Dealing with Uncertainty: Redundancy-Based Routing, 428 11.4 Capitalizing on Structure: Utility-Based Forwarding, 435 11.5 Hybrid Solutions: Combining Redundancy and Utility, 444 11.6 Conclusion, 447 12 Data Dissemination in Opportunistic Networks 453 Chiara Boldrini and Andrea Passarella 12.1 Introduction, 454 12.2 Initial Ideas: PodNet, 456 12.3 Social-Aware Schemes, 460 12.4 Publish/Subscribe Schemes, 464 12.5 Global Optimization, 469 12.6 Infrastructure-Based Approaches, 474 12.7 Approaches Inspired by Unstructured p2p Systems, 478 12.8 Further Readings, 482 13 Task Farming in Crowd Computing 491 Derek G. Murray, Karthik Nilakant, J. Crowcroft, and E. Yoneki 13.1 Introduction, 491 13.2 Ideal Parallelism Model, 494 13.3 Task Farming, 498 13.4 Socially Aware Task Farming, 500 13.5 Related Work, 510 13.6 Conclusions and Future Work, 510 PART IV VANET 14 A Taxonomy of Data Communication Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks 517 Yousef-Awwad Daraghmi, Ivan Stojmenovic, and Chih-Wei Yi 14.1 Introduction, 517 14.2 Taxonomy of VANET Communication Protocols, 520 14.3 Reliability-Oriented Geocasting Protocols, 525 14.4 Time-Critical Geocasting Protocols, 527 14.5 Small-Scale Routing Protocols, 529 14.6 Large-Scale Routing, 534 14.7 Summary, 539 14.8 Conclusion and Future Work, 539 15 Mobility Models, Topology, and Simulations in VANET 545 Francisco J. Ros, Juan A. Martinez, and Pedro M. Ruiz 15.1 Introduction and Motivation, 545 15.2 Mobility Models, 547 15.3 Mobility Simulators, 551 15.4 Integrated Simulators, 557 15.5 Modeling Vehicular Communications, 560 15.6 Analysis of Connectivity in Highways, 565 15.7 Conclusion and Future Work, 572 16 ExperimentalWork on VANET 577 Minglu Li and Hongzi Zhu 16.1 Introduction, 577 16.2 MIT CarTel, 579 16.3 UMass DieselNet, 581 16.4 SJTU ShanghaiGrid, 584 16.5 NCTU VANET Testbed, 587 16.6 UCLA CVeT, 589 16.7 GM DSRC Fleet, 590 16.8 FleetNet Project, 591 16.9 Network on Wheels (NOW) Project, 592 16.10 Advanced Safety Vehicles (ASVs), 593 16.11 Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI), 594 17 MAC Protocols for VANET 599 Mohammad S. Almalag, Michele C. Weigle, and Stephan Olariu 17.1 Introduction, 599 17.2 MAC Metrics, 602 17.3 IEEE Standards for MAC Protocols for VANETs, 602 17.4 Alternate MAC Protocols for VANET, 606 17.5 Conclusion, 616 18 Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Design, Implementation, and Future Challenges 619 Marco Di Felice, Kaushik Roy Chowdhury, and Luciano Bononi 18.1 Introduction, 620 18.2 Characteristics of Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks, 622 18.3 Applications of Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks, 628 18.4 CRV Network Architecture, 629 18.5 Classification and Description of Existing Works on CRV Networks, 630 18.6 Research Issues in CRVs, 636 18.7 Conclusion, 640 19 The Next Paradigm Shift: From Vehicular Networks to Vehicular Clouds 645 Stephan Olariu, Tihomir Hristov, and Gongjun Yan 19.1 By Way of Motivation, 646 19.2 The Vehicular Model, 647 19.3 Vehicular Networks, 649 19.4 Cloud Computing, 650 19.5 Vehicular Clouds, 652 19.6 How are Vehicular Clouds Different?, 654 19.7 Feasible Instances of Vehicular Clouds, 657 19.8 More Application Scenarios, 660 19.9 Security and Privacy in Vehicular Clouds, 666 19.10 Key Management, 677 19.11 Research Challenges, 680 19.12 Architectures for Vehicular Clouds, 681 19.13 Resource Aggregation in Vehicular Clouds, 683 19.14 A Simulation Study of VC, 690 19.15 Future Work, 691 19.16 Where to From Here?, 693 PART V SENSOR NETWORKING 20 Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy Harvesting 703 Stefano Basagni, M. Yousof Naderi, Chiara Petrioli, and Dora Spenza 20.1 Introduction, 703 20.2 Node Platforms, 704 20.3 Techniques of Energy Harvesting, 709 20.4 Prediction Models, 713 20.5 Protocols for EHWSNs, 717 21 Robot-AssistedWireless Sensor Networks: Recent Applications and Future Challenges 737 Rafael Falcon, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic 21.1 Introduction, 737 21.2 Robot-Assisted Sensor Placement, 740 21.3 Robot-Assisted Sensor Relocation, 751 21.4 Robot-Assisted Sensor Maintenance, 762 21.5 Future Challenges, 763 22 Underwater Networks with Limited Mobility: Algorithms, Systems, and Experiments 769 Carrick Detweiler, Elizabeth Basha, Marek Doniec, and Daniela Rus 22.1 Introduction, 770 22.2 Related Work, 772 22.3 Decentralized Control Algorithm, 775 22.4 General System Architecture and Design, 779 22.5 Application-Specific Architecture and Design, 786 22.6 Experiments and Results, 789 22.7 Conclusions, 799 23 Advances in Underwater Acoustic Networking 804 Tommaso Melodia, Hovannes Kulhandjian, Li-Chung Kuo, and Emrecan Demirors 23.1 Introduction, 805 23.2 Communication Architecture, 806 23.3 Basics of Underwater Communications, 807 23.4 Physical Layer, 814 23.5 Medium Access Control Layer, 822 23.6 Network Layer, 829 23.7 Cross-Layer Design, 833 23.8 Experimental Platforms, 834 23.9 UW-Buffalo: An Underwater Acoustic Testbed at the University at Buffalo, 842 23.10 Conclusions, 842 References, 843 Index 853

"An excellent book for those who are interested in learning the current status of research and development . . . [and] who want to get a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art." —E-Streams This book provides up-to-date information on research and development in the rapidly growing area of networks based on the multihop ad hoc networking paradigm. It reviews all classes of networks that have successfully adopted this paradigm, pointing out how they penetrated the mass market and sparked breakthrough research. Covering both physical issues and applications, Mobile Ad Hoc Networking: Cutting Edge Directions offers useful tools for professionals and researchers in diverse areas wishing to learn about the latest trends in sensor, actuator, and robot networking, mesh networks, delay tolerant and opportunistic networking, and vehicular networks. Chapter coverage includes: Multihop ad hoc networkingEnabling technologies and standards for mobile multihop wireless networkingResource optimization in multiradio multichannel wireless mesh networksQoS in mesh networksRouting and data dissemination in opportunistic networksTask farming in crowd computingMobility models, topology, and simulations in VANETMAC protocols for VANETWireless sensor networks with energy harvesting nodesRobot-assisted wireless sensor networks: recent applications and future challengesAdvances in underwater acoustic networkingSecurity in wireless ad hoc networks Mobile Ad Hoc Networking will appeal to researchers, developers, and students interested in computer science, electrical engineering, and telecommunications.