Animals are widely used in neuroscience research to explore biological mechanisms of nervous system function, to identify the genetic basis of disease states, and to provide models of human disorders and diseases for the development of new treatments. To ensure the humane care and use of animals, numerous laws, policies, and regulations are in place governing the use of animals in research, and certain animal regulations have implications specific to neuroscience research. To consider animal research regulations from a global perspective, the IOM Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, in collaboration with the National Research Council and the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, held a workshop in Buckinghamshire, UK, July 26-27, 2011. The workshop brought together neuroscientists, legal scholars, administrators, and other key stakeholders to discuss current and emerging trends in animal regulations as they apply to the neurosciences. This document summarizes the workshop.Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Overview2 The Evolving Regulatory Environment3 Emerging Legal Trends Impacting Animal Research4 Animals in Neuroscience Research5 Advancing the 3Rs in Neuroscience Research6 Public Engagement and Animal Research Regulations7 Core Principles for the Care and Use of Animals in Research8 Summary of Workshop TopicsAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Registered Attendees