1. Introduction I. Framing the Debate II. Focus and Remit of this Book 2. In Search of ‘Police Culture’: Ethnographic Approaches to Studying the Police I. Ethnographic Research II. Fieldwork III. Data and Analysis 3. Regulation and the Law I. The Relationship between Policing and the Law II. The Common Law Regulation of the Police III. Legislation and the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 IV. The Human Rights Act 1998 V. Policy, Procedure, and Guidance 4. Power, ‘Culture’ and Discretion I. Understandings of Discretion II. Training III. Supervision IV. Bureaucracy V. ‘Culture’ and Discretion VI. The Police Career 5. On the Beat: Temporal and Geographical Influences on Police Discretion I. The Archetypal Shift II. Time III. Place IV. Austerity V. The System VI. Concluding Remarks and Recap 6. Stop and Account! Proactive Interactions with the Public I. Stop and Account II. Vehicle Stop Checks III. Stop and Search IV. Discrimination and the Targets of Police Engagement V. The Evolution of Stop and Search? 7. Arrest and Detention I. Police Understandings of the Power of Arrest II. Determinants of the Use of Police Discretion to Arrest III. Force Policy and Domestic Abuse IV. The Role of the Custody Sergeant V. The Decline of Arrest 8. Legitimacy and Accountability I. Understanding Legitimacy and Accountability II. Legitimacy in Practice III. Reflections 9. Monitoring, Technology, and Recording of Crime I. Remote Supervision II. Categorisation III. Recording IV. Technology and Discretion 10. Uniform Change? Revisiting Policing, Regulation, and the Law I. Our Argument So Far II. Revisiting the Legal Regulation of Policing III. What Sarge Says: Supervision and Monitoring IV. ‘Police Culture’ and Uniform Change V. Reform to Police Stops VI. Best Use of Arrest VII. Professionalisation VIII. Prognosis

This book examines the outcomes of a six-year ethnographic study of two North of England police forces; the prism through which to revisit the question of the regulation and legitimacy of police powers.